Construction Supervision

Construction\rSupervision......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 9
The Role of the Supervisor......Page 21
Intended Audience......Page 22
The Book’s Structure and Organization......Page 23
Making the Most of the Book......Page 24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 25
SECTION I: SETTING THE STAGE......Page 27
Introduction......Page 29
Construction Volume and Impact on Society......Page 30
Profit, Profitability, and the Supervisor’s Impact......Page 31
Competition, Risk, and Construction Company Failure......Page 32
Definitions and Roles of Construction Team Members......Page 34
Summary......Page 38
Definition of Supervisor......Page 41
The Supervisor’s Functional Role in a Construction Company......Page 42
The Supervisor as Manager......Page 43
Transition to Management......Page 44
Attributes of Successful Supervisors......Page 47
Levels of Supervision—Career Paths......Page 49
Summary......Page 51
SECTION II: SOFT SKILLS......Page 53
Defining Communication......Page 55
Time-Consuming......Page 56
Improving One-on-One Oral Communication Skills......Page 57
Barriers to Effective Oral Communication......Page 58
Techniques for Improving the Effectiveness of Oral Communication......Page 61
Feedback......Page 62
Active Listening......Page 63
Factors Affecting Listening......Page 64
Enhancing Active Listening......Page 65
Who Is the Customer?......Page 66
The Art of Negotiation......Page 67
Summary......Page 70
Introduction......Page 73
The Functions of Job Site Documentation......Page 74
Improving Written Communication and Documentation......Page 75
Job Site Communication and Documentation......Page 76
The Job Log......Page 77
Time Cards......Page 80
Field Authorizations......Page 83
Company Office Communication and Documentation......Page 84
Letters......Page 86
Minutes......Page 89
Reports......Page 90
Communications and Documentation Developed Outside the Company......Page 95
Procurement Documentation......Page 96
Obtaining Information and Documentation......Page 97
Summary......Page 99
Introduction......Page 101
The Critical Need for Effective Construction Teams......Page 102
The Construction Team......Page 104
Team Characteristics......Page 105
Characteristics of Successful Team Members......Page 106
Characteristics of Successful Teams......Page 107
Storming......Page 108
Maintaining Team Effectiveness at the Crew Level......Page 109
Maintaining Team Effectiveness at the Project Level......Page 110
Practical Team Building......Page 111
Summary......Page 113
Introduction......Page 115
Objectives of Performance Evaluations......Page 116
Benefits of Performance Evaluations......Page 117
The Process of Evaluating Performance......Page 118
Formal Performance Evaluations......Page 119
Informal Performance Evaluations......Page 123
Diversity and Discrimination......Page 127
Workforce Diversity......Page 128
Equal Employment Opportunity Laws......Page 129
Reasonable Accommodation......Page 130
Harassment......Page 131
Prevention of Discrimination and Harassment......Page 133
Summary......Page 134
Introduction......Page 137
How Is Leadership Defined?......Page 138
Autocratic Leadership......Page 140
Democratic Leadership......Page 141
Participative Leadership......Page 142
Situational Leadership......Page 143
Elements of Motivation......Page 146
Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies......Page 147
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs......Page 148
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y......Page 154
Frederick Herzberg......Page 156
Manager, Learn to Better Understand Yourself as Well as Those around You......Page 158
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator......Page 159
4-Dimensional Management......Page 160
Summary......Page 161
Identifying and Dealing with Risk......Page 163
Definition of Risk......Page 164
Schedule Risk......Page 165
Quality Risk......Page 166
Managing Risk......Page 167
Problem Solving......Page 168
Detect the Problem Early......Page 169
Define the Problem Properly......Page 171
Analyze the Problem......Page 172
Develop and Analyze Creative Solutions......Page 174
Identify Side Effects and Mitigations......Page 175
Implement the Selected Solution and Mitigations......Page 176
Summary......Page 177
SECTION III: TECHNICAL SKILLS......Page 179
Introduction......Page 181
The Importance of a Construction Safety Program......Page 182
The Supervisor’s Safety Responsibilities and Activities......Page 184
Creating a Safe Work Environment by Removing Job Hazards......Page 185
The Stakeholder’s Responsibility in Preventing Hazards......Page 186
Removing Job Site Hazards......Page 187
Habitual Safety Practices......Page 189
Recognizing and Correcting Unsafe Behavior......Page 191
Immediate Response to an Accident......Page 192
Summary......Page 193
Introduction......Page 195
A Practical Understanding of the Contract......Page 196
No Violation of Public Policy......Page 198
Components of the Construction Contract......Page 199
Rights and Responsibilities......Page 200
Helpful and Harmful Language......Page 201
Reading the Contract......Page 202
Properly Using the Contract......Page 204
Functions of the Contract......Page 205
Summary......Page 207
Managing Manpower......Page 211
Safety Considerations......Page 213
Training......Page 214
Materials Procurement......Page 215
Submittals......Page 216
Managing Materials Deliveries......Page 218
Job Site Materials Handling......Page 219
Managing Tools and Equipment......Page 220
Managing the Construction Site......Page 221
Cash as a Resource......Page 223
Summary......Page 225
The Estimate......Page 227
Types of Estimates......Page 228
Estimating as a Career Option......Page 229
Preparing the Estimate......Page 230
The Detailed Estimate......Page 231
Estimating Materials Costs......Page 232
Estimating Labor Cost......Page 234
Estimating Equipment Cost......Page 237
Subcontractor Proposals......Page 240
Estimating Indirect Cost......Page 241
Markup......Page 242
Finalizing and Submitting the Estimate......Page 243
Summary......Page 244
The System Is a Cycle......Page 247
The Project Budget and the Project Labor Budget......Page 251
Labor Cost Reports......Page 254
Generating Historical Cost Information......Page 259
Project Review......Page 260
Summary......Page 261
Introduction......Page 263
Scheduling Defined......Page 264
Importance of the Schedule......Page 265
Types of Schedules......Page 266
The Bar Chart......Page 267
Network Schedules......Page 273
Definitions......Page 278
Network Calculations......Page 281
Development of a Network Schedule and the Critical Path......Page 282
Network Schedule Updates......Page 300
Short-Interval Schedules......Page 301
Summary......Page 303
Introduction......Page 305
Understanding Production and Productivity......Page 306
Improving Production......Page 307
Production Analysis Tools......Page 308
Designing a More Efficient Task......Page 314
First Run Study Setup......Page 315
First Run Study Execution......Page 316
Improving Construction Operations......Page 317
The Breakdown of Traditional Controls......Page 318
A Production Model for Construction......Page 319
Production Model Simulation......Page 321
Improving Reliability in Construction Planning......Page 323
Summary......Page 325
SECTION IV: PROJECT SUPERVISION......Page 327
Types of Projects......Page 329
Residential Contractor......Page 330
Design-Bid-Build......Page 331
Design-Build......Page 334
Construction Manager......Page 335
Fast Track......Page 338
Value Engineering......Page 339
Single Contract System......Page 340
Separate Contracts System......Page 341
Competitive Bid Contracting......Page 342
Negotiated Contracting......Page 347
Competitive Sealed Proposals......Page 350
Project Organization and Relationships......Page 353
Prime Contractor’s Project Organization......Page 354
Summary......Page 357
Handoff from Preconstruction to Construction—Handoff Meetings......Page 361
Preconstruction Conference......Page 362
Setting Up the Site......Page 364
Setting Up the Field Office......Page 365
Project Objectives......Page 367
Summary......Page 369
Introduction......Page 371
The Job Log......Page 372
Cost Reports......Page 375
Incident Reports......Page 378
Physical Progress......Page 379
Preconstruction Meetings......Page 386
Intracompany Meetings......Page 387
Changes in the Work......Page 388
Quality, Quality Assurance, and Quality Control......Page 389
Definitions of Quality......Page 390
Writings on Quality......Page 391
A Practical Strategy......Page 392
Summary......Page 393
Introduction......Page 395
The Commissioning Process......Page 396
Tests and Certifications......Page 397
Owner Training......Page 398
As-Built Drawings......Page 399
The Punchlist Process......Page 401
Subcontractors......Page 402
The Certificate of Occupancy......Page 403
Certificate of Substantial Completion......Page 404
Project Review......Page 405
Summary......Page 406
Change in the Construction Industry......Page 409
Technology......Page 410
Environmental Change......Page 411
The Economy......Page 412
Understanding of Construction Processes......Page 413
Perceptions of the Roles of Management and Supervision......Page 414
Recruiting and Preparing Construction Supervisors......Page 415
Staying Ahead of the Curve......Page 416
Networking......Page 417
Mentoring......Page 418
Training......Page 419
Summary......Page 420
APPENDIX 1: CONSENSUSDOCS 750: STANDARD FORM OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN CONTRACTOR AND SUBCONTRACTOR......Page 423
APPENDIX 2: SIMPLE FILING SYSTEM......Page 457
INDEX......Page 459